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![]() ![]() Mary, by contrast, had helped to offer mankind salvation by obeying God and mothering the Christ child while preserving her chastity. ![]() Eve, they said, caused the exile from the Garden of Eden through her foolishness and disobedience. Medieval theologians provided two dichotomous examples of women's behavior from the Christian Bible: Eve and Mary. Christianity therefore played a significant role in influencing western European attitudes toward sex and gender throughout the Middle Ages. Western Europe in the Middle Ages was heavily Roman Christian even the small number of non-Roman Christians, such as Jews, heretics, and the Greek Christian and Muslim peoples who dwelled along the eastern and Mediterranean edges of western Europe, lived in a culture dominated by Roman Christianity. While regional and status-based differences remained, western Europe developed a common culture and ideology, which strongly shaped ideas about sex and gender. Despite these differences, Europe was increasingly united by a common religion-Roman Christianity-and by the common legal system and institutional infrastructure of that religion. All of these values evolved over the Middle Ages, as societies developed and came into contact with one another. Behavioral codes and ideals differed with religion, culture, and geography. Men and women were regarded as essentially different, with different roles and rights, although why this was and what it meant in practice varied widely. Attitudes toward sex and gender in western Europe during the Middle Ages (between approximately 5) were diverse and often contradictory.
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